Publications

@article{Steinbuck2010,

title = {An autonomous open-ocean stereoscopic PIV profiler},

author = { J. V. Steinbuck and  Paul L. D. Roberts and  C. D. Troy and  A. R. Horner-Devine and  F. Simonet and  A. Uhlman and  Jules S. Jaffe and  Peter J.S. Franks and  S. G. Monismith},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology},

volume = {27},

chapter = {1362–1380},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2010b,

title = {Enhanced extended range underwater imaging via structured illumination},

author = { Jules S. Jaffe},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Optics Express},

volume = {18},

chapter = {12328–12340},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Li2009,

title = {Sizing homogeneous spherical particles from intensity-only angular scatter},

author = { Wei Li and  Jules S. Jaffe},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Journal of the Optical Society of America},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Karakoylu2009,

title = {Copepod feeding quantified by planar laser imaging of gut fluorescence},

author = { Erdem M. Karak"oyl"u and  Peter J.S. Franks and  Yuji Tanaka and  Paul L. D. Roberts and  Jules S. Jaffe},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Limnology and Oceanography: Methods},

volume = {7},

pages = {33-41},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Roberts2008,

title = {Classification of live, untethered zooplankton from observations of multiple-angle scatter},

author = { Paul L. D. Roberts and  Jules S. Jaffe},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},

volume = {124},

pages = {796-802},

chapter = {796},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Franks2008,

title = {Microscale variability in the distributions of large fluorescent particles observed in situ with a planar laser imaging fluorometer},

author = { Peter J.S. Franks and  Jules S. Jaffe},

url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VF5-4N5TN5N-5/2/c159004327bea748888c489956ee4c49},

issn = {0924-7963},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Marine Systems},

volume = {69},

number = {3-4},

pages = {254 - 270},

note = {Physical-Biological Interactions in the Upper Ocean},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Roberts2007a,

title = {A multi-angle acoustic scattering apparatus for zooplankton and fish: Instrument design and preliminary data},

author = { },

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

chapter = {Applied Ocean Science Seminar},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jaffe2007,

title = {Measurement of the acoustic reflectivity of sirenia (Florida manatees) at 171 kHz},

author = { Jules S. Jaffe and  Fernando Simonet and  Paul L. D. Roberts and  Ann E. Bowles},

url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JAS/121/158/1},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},

volume = {121},

number = {1},

pages = {158-165},

publisher = {ASA},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Roberts2007,

title = {Multiple angle acoustic classification of zooplankton},

author = { Paul L. D. Roberts and  Jules S. Jaffe},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},

volume = {121},

pages = {2060-2070},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jaffe2007b,

title = {A tomographic approach to inverse mie particle characterization from scattered light},

author = { Jules S. Jaffe},

url = {http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-19-12217},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Optics Express},

volume = {15},

number = {19},

pages = {12217–12229},

publisher = {OSA},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Roberts2006,

title = {Multistatic acoustic classification of zooplankton},

author = { },

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

chapter = {Applied Ocean Science Seminar},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Shao2006,

title = {Angular resolved light scattering for discriminating among marine picoplankton: modeling and experimental measurements},

author = { B. Shao and  Jules S. Jaffe and  M. Chachisvilis and  S. C. Esener},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Optics Express},

volume = {14},

pages = {12473-12484},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jaffe2006,

title = {Using multiple-angle scattered sound to size fish swimbladders},

author = { Jules S. Jaffe},

url = {http://icesjms.oxfordjournals.org},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {ICES Journal of Marine Science},

volume = {65},

number = {6},

pages = {1092-},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Roberts2005,

title = {Choosing Frequencies for Multifrequency Animal Abundance Estimation},

author = { },

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

chapter = {Applied Ocean Science Seminar},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ai2005,

title = {Design and preliminary tests of a family of adaptive waveforms to measure blood vessel diameter and wall thickness},

author = { Yuhui Ai and  Jules S. Jaffe},

issn = {0885-3010},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control: Special Issue on Coded Waveforms},

volume = {52},

number = {2},

pages = {250-260},

publisher = {IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC},

address = {445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jaffe2005,

title = {Performance bounds on synchronous laser line scan systems},

author = { Jules S. Jaffe},

issn = {1094-4087},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Optics Express},

volume = {13},

number = {3},

pages = {738-748},

publisher = {OPTICAL SOC AMER},

address = {2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA},

abstract = {In this article a performance bound is derived for feasible image resolution among a class of imaging systems that can be referred to as synchronous laser line scan systems. Most often, these systems use a narrow beam projected source ( typically a laser) in conjunction with a very small field of view receiver that is synchronously scanned. Here, a bound on the maximum system resolution is derived when both source and receiver are textquotelefttextquoteleftdelta function liketextquoterighttextquoteright. The bound demonstrates that the best achievable overall system point spread function is the square of the one way point spread function for the medium. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Yahel2005,

title = {Diel pattern with abrupt crepuscular changes of zooplankton over a coral reef},

author = { R. Yahel and  G. Yahel and  T. Berman and  Jules S. Jaffe and  A. Genin},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Limnology And Oceanography},

volume = {50},

number = {3},

pages = {930–944},

publisher = {Amer Soc Limnology Oceanography},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Genin2005,

title = {Swimming Against the Flow: A Mechanism of Zooplankton Aggregation},

author = { Amatzia Genin and  Jules S. Jaffe and  Ruth Reef and  Claudio Richter and  Peter J.S. Franks},

url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/308/5723/860},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Science},

volume = {308},

number = {5723},

pages = {860-862},

abstract = {Zooplankton reside in a constantly flowing environment. However, information about their response to ambient flow has remained elusive, because of the difficulties of following the individual motions of these minute, nearly transparent animals in the ocean. Using a three-dimensional acoustic imaging system, we tracked >375,000 zooplankters at two coastal sites in the Red Sea. Resolution of their motion from that of the water showed that the animals effectively maintained their depth by swimming against upwelling and downwelling currents moving at rates of up to tens of body lengths per second, causing their accumulation at frontal zones. This mechanism explains how oceanic fronts become major feeding grounds for predators and targets for fishermen.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jaffe2005b,

title = {Three-dimensional probability density functions via tomographic inversion},

author = { Jules S. Jaffe},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Siam Journal On Applied Mathematics},

volume = {65},

number = {5},

pages = {1506–1525},

publisher = {Siam Publications},

abstract = {In many experimental observation systems where the goal is to record a three-dimensional observation of an object, or a set of objects, a lower-dimensional projection of the intended subject is obtained. In some situations only the statistical properties of such objects are desired: the three-dimensional probability density function. This article demonstrates that under special symmetries this function can be obtained from either a one- or two-dimensional probability density function which has been obtained from the observed, projected data. Standard tomographic theorems can be used to guarantee the uniqueness of this function, and a natural basis set can be used in computing the three-dimensional function from the one- or two-dimensional projection. The theory of this inversion is explored using theoretical and computational methods with examples of data taken from scientific experiments.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Schell2004,

title = {Experimental verification of an interpolation algorithm for improved estimates of animal position},

author = { C Schell and  Jules S. Jaffe},

issn = {0001-4966},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Journal of the Acoustical Socieity of America},

volume = {116},

number = {1},

pages = {254-261},

publisher = {ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS},

address = {STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA},

abstract = {This article presents experimental verification of an interpolation algorithm that was previously proposed in Jaffe [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 105, 3168-3175 (1999)]. The goal of the algorithm is to improve estimates of both target position and target strength by minimizing a least-squares residual between noise-corrupted target measurement data and the output of a model of the sonartextquoterights amplitude response to a target at a set of known locations. Although this positional estimator was shown to be a maximum likelihood estimator, in principle, experimental verification was desired because of interest in understanding, its true performance. Here, the accuracy of the algorithm is investigated by analyzing the correspondence between a targettextquoterights true position and the algorithmtextquoterights estimate. True target position was measured by precise translation of a small test target (bead) or from the analysis of images of fish from a coregistered optical imaging system. Results with the stationary spherical test bead in a high signal-to-noise environment indicate that a large increase in resolution is possible, while results with commercial aquarium fish indicate a smaller increase is obtainable. However, in both experiments the algorithm provides improved estimates of target position over those obtained by simply accepting the angular positions of the sonar beam with maximum output as target position. In addition, increased accuracy in target strength estimation is possible by considering the effects of the sonar beam patterns relative to the interpolated position. A benefit of the algorithm is that it can be applied textquotelefttextquoteleftex post factotextquoterighttextquoteright to existing data sets from commercial multibeam sonar systems when only the beam intensities have been stored after suitable calibration. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Zawada2003,

title = {Changes in the fluorescence of the Caribbean coral Montastraea faveolata during heat-induced bleaching},

author = { DG Zawada and  Jules S. Jaffe},

issn = {0024-3590},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},

volume = {48},

number = {1, Part 2},

pages = {412-425},

publisher = {AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY},

address = {5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA},

abstract = {In order to evaluate the response of commonly occurring green and orange fluorescent host-based pigments, a thermal stress experiment was performed on specimens of the Caribbean coral Montastraea faveolata. Seven paired samples were collected from a small oceanic reef near Lee Stocking Island in the Bahamas. Seven of the fourteen corals were subjected to elevated temperatures for 28 d, followed by a recovery period lasting 53 d. Throughout the experiment, high-resolution (similar to400 mum pixel(-1)) multispectral images of induced fluorescence were recorded at wavelengths corresponding to the green and orange host pigments, plus chlorophyll. These images revealed that the fluorescence of both host pigments was concentrated at polyp centers and declined by 70-90% in regions between polyps. Chlorophyll fluorescence, however, was distributed almost uniformly across the entire coral surface, but with decreases of 10-30% around polyp centers. A normalized difference ratio between the green and orange pigments (GO ratio) was developed to facilitate comparison with chlorophyll fluorescence as a bleaching indicator. Analysis showed a high correspondence between a sustained GO ratio of less than zero and the death of corals. Finally, this ratio was resistant to contamination from other sources of chlorophyll fluorescence, such as filamentous algae.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{DeRobertis2003,

title = {Acoustic observations of the swimming behavior of the euphausiid Euphausia pacifica Hansen},

author = { A De Robertis and  C Schell and  Jules S. Jaffe},

issn = {1054-3139},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {ICES Journal of Marine Science},

volume = {60},

number = {4},

pages = {885-898},

publisher = {ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD},

address = {24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND},

abstract = {A high-resolution, 445 kHz, multi-beam sonar and new data-processing techniques were used to characterize the swimming behavior of the euphausiid Euphausia pacifica Hansen, in Saanich Inlet, British Columbia. The instrument was deployed when the euphausiids were at depth during the day and during dusk periods of population ascent. Three-dimensional swimming paths of individual euphausiids were reconstructed by linking successive, acoustically-determined positions. Median swimming speeds were 1.8 cm s(-1) during the day and 2.2-3.5 cm s(-1) during dusk periods of vertical ascent. The presence of a fish at distances of 20-300 cm did not affect the swimming speed or turning of the euphausiids, suggesting that they did not respond to the presence of a potential predator at these distances. Euphausiids moved primarily obliquely in the vertical plane, with few individuals moving directly up or down, even during periods of vertical migration at dusk. We hypothesize that oblique swimming trajectories of euphausiids may reduce vulnerability to visual predators by allowing them to maintain bioluminescent counter-illumination during vertical migration. (C) 2003 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Moore2002,

title = {Time-evolution of high-resolution topographic measurements of the sea floor using a 3-D laser line scan mapping system},

author = { K.D. Moore and  Jules S. Jaffe},

issn = {0364-9059},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},

volume = {27},

number = {3},

pages = {525-545},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Fuchs2002a,

title = {Thin laser light sheet microscope for microbial oceanography},

author = { E Fuchs and  Jules S. Jaffe and  RA Long and  F Azam},

issn = {1094-4087},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

journal = {Optics Express},

volume = {10},

number = {2},

pages = {145-154},

publisher = {OPTICAL SOC AMER},

address = {2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA},

abstract = {Despite a growing need, oceanographers are limited by existing technological constrains and are unable to observe aquatic microbes in their natural setting. In order to provide a simple and easy to implement solution for such studies, a new Thin Light Sheet Microscope (TLSM) has been developed. The TLSM utilizes a well-defined sheet of laser light, which has a narrow (23 micron) axial dimension over a 1 mm x 1 mm field of view. This light sheet is positioned precisely within the depth of field of the microscopetextquoterights objective lens. The technique thus utilizes conventional microscope optics but replaces the illumination system. The advantages of the TLSM are two-fold: First, it concentrates light only where excitation is needed, thus maximizing the efficiency of the illumination source. Secondly, the TLSM maximizes image sharpness while at the same time minimizing the level of background noise. Particles that are not located within the objectivetextquoterights depth of field are not illuminated and therefore do not contribute to an out-of-focus image. Images from a prototype system that used SYBR Green I fluorescence stain in order to localize single bacteria are reported. The bacteria were in a relatively large and undisturbed volume of 4ml, which contained natural seawater. The TLSM can be used for fresh water studies of bacteria with no modification. The microscope permits the observation of interactions at the microscale and has potential to yield insights into how microbes structure pelagic ecosystems. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Fuchs2002,

title = {The effect of elevated levels of phaeophytin in natural water on variable fluorescence measured from phytoplankton},

author = { E Fuchs and  Richard C. Zimmerman and  Jules S. Jaffe},

url = {http://plankt.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/24/11/1221},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Plankton Research},

volume = {24},

number = {11},

pages = {1221-1229},

abstract = {Variable fluorescence methods are becoming popular in studies related to aquatic photosynthesis. In natural ocean water, phytoplankton co-exist with their zooplankton and flagellate predators, viral parasites and the waste products of digested phytoplankton cells that contain phaeophytin (a chromo-phore produced by digestion of chlorophyll a). Fast repetition rate fluorometry, a technique mainly applied in phytoplankton studies, was used to evaluate and quantify the effect of phaeophytin abundance in sea water on variable fluorescence parameters: the photochemical quantum yield, PhiF (also known as Fv/Fm), and the functional cross-section of photosystem 2 (PS2), sigmaPS2. If the value of PhiF determined is lower than what it actually is, phytoplankton may be labeled as less healthy (or productive) than their true condition. Results were compared with data collected using another widely used variable fluorescence technique: pulse amplitude modulation (PAM). Our study concludes that for significantly elevated levels of phaeophytin in the water, the measured values of PhiF should be corrected to avoid misinterpretation. This conclusion is independent of the measuring instrument. In waters with phaeophytin levels that constitute less than [~]30% of the total measured pigment, no correction is required (<5% change in PhiF is expected). However, as phaeophytin levels rise, the effect on PhiF increases and becomes more significant (e.g. PhiF appears 25% lower when the phaeophytin to total pigment ratio is [~]70%). High concentrations of phaeophytin are not often reported in the open ocean. However, in highly productive coastal waters, high levels of phaeophytin can be encountered. The functional cross-section (sigmaPS2) measurements are not affected by the presence of phaeophytin in the water.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Richardson2001,

title = {Overview of SAX99: environmental considerations},

author = { M.D. Richardson and  K.B. Briggs and  L.D. Bibee and  P.A. Jumars and  W.B. Sawyer and  D.B. Albert and  R.H. Bennett and  T.K. Berger and  M.J. Buckingham and  N.P. Chotiros and  P.H. Dahl and  N.T. Dewitt and  P. Fleischer and  R. Flood and  C.F. Greenlaw and  D.V. Holliday and  M.H. Hulbert and  M.P. Hutnak and  P.D. Jackson and  Jules S. Jaffe and  H.P. Johnson and  D.L. Lavoie and  A.P. Lyons and  C.S. Martens and  D.E. McGehee and  K.D. Moore and  T.H. Orsi and  J.N. Piper and  R.I. Ray a},

issn = {0364-9059},

year  = {2001},

date = {2001-01-01},

journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},

volume = {26},

number = {1},

pages = {26-53},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Franks2001,

title = {Microscale distributions of phytoplankton: initial results from a two-dimensional imaging fluorometer, OSST},

author = { Peter J.S. Franks and  Jules S. Jaffe},

url = {http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v220/p59-72/},

year  = {2001},

date = {2001-01-01},

journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},

volume = {220},

pages = {59–72},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jaffe2001,

title = {Underwater optical imaging: Status and prospects},

author = { Jules S. Jaffe and  K.D. Moore and  J. McLean and  M.P. Strand},

year  = {2001},

date = {2001-01-01},

journal = {Oceanography},

volume = {14},

chapter = {66},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Moore2000,

title = {Development of a New Underwater Bathymetric Laser Imaging System: L-Bath},

author = { K.D. Moore and  Jules S. Jaffe and  BL Ochoa},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0426%282000%29017%3C1106%3ADOANUB%3E2.0.CO%3B2},

year  = {2000},

date = {2000-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology},

volume = {17},

number = {8},

pages = {1106–1117},

abstract = {The design, construction, and performance of a new high-resolution underwater bathymetric prototype system (L-Bath) with extended imaging capability is presented. The design offers simultaneous reflectance and depth information on a pixel-by-pixel basis so that high-resolution reflectance and bathymetric maps of underwater targets can be provided with exact registration. The design supports operation in shallow coastal waters under daylight conditions where high turbidity and the influence of ambient backscatter are particularly limiting for underwater imaging systems. Its configuration is similar to existing laser line scanning systems but uses a pulsed laser for the source and a fixed field-of-view high-resolution linear charge-coupled device (CCD) as receiver. The pulsed laser allows short camera integration times, thereby reducing the influence of the ambient daylight signal, and the fixed field of view of the detector provides a precision nonmoving multielement receiver with imaging capability. As the laser sweeps across the field of view of the CCD, the position and signal strength of each laser target spot is imaged, permitting a measure of bathymetry and reflectance. Using the CCD, a high-resolution slice through the reflected target spot radiance distribution is imaged so that system resolution can exceed the target spot size. The image of the target spot radiance distribution, modified by in-water scattering and target reflectance, provides new opportunities for image manipulation compared to typical underwater laser line scanning based systems. The simultaneous acquisition of reflectance and bathymetric maps permits discrimination capability between real objects of relief from scene reflectance variations.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{DeRobertis2000,

title = {Size-Dependent Visual Predation Risk and the Timing of Vertical Migration in Zooplankton},

author = { Alex De Robertis and  Jules S. Jaffe and  Mark D. Ohman},

url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2670643},

issn = {00243590},

year  = {2000},

date = {2000-01-01},

journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},

volume = {45},

number = {8},

pages = {1838–1844},

publisher = {American Society of Limnology and Oceanography},

abstract = {Zooplankton commonly exhibit diel vertical migration (DVM), descending from food-rich surface waters during the day. If DVM is a tradeoff between avoiding size-selective visually hunting predators and maximizing energy gain, smaller bodied prey should enter surface waters earlier and leave later than larger, more visually conspicuous organisms. Conventional sampling technologies lack the temporal resolution to test this prediction. Here, we report on the first test of this prediction using a new submersible optical-acoustic imaging system capable of resolving the timing of migration of the euphausiid crustacean Euphausia pacifica Hansen. Smaller bodied animals consistently ascended as much as 30 min earlier and descended up to 45 min later than adults. The timing of vertical migration reflects how the size-dependent risk of attack by visual predators alters the tradeoff between feeding and predator avoidance, supporting the predator-avoidance hypothesis for DVM.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jaffe1999,

title = {Sonar estimates of daytime activity levels of Euphausia pacifica in Saanich Inlet},

author = { Jules S. Jaffe and  Mark D. Ohman and  A De Robertis},

issn = {0706-652X},

year  = {1999},

date = {1999-01-01},

journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},

volume = {56},

number = {11},

pages = {2000-2010},

publisher = {NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA},

address = {RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA},

abstract = {A three-dimensional multibeam tracking sonar system (FishTV) was deployed in the stratified waters of Saanich Inlet in July-August of 1996 and 1997 to assess the swimming behavior of euphausiids in situ. Here, a new algorithm is used to estimate swimming velocities of animals from the uncorrelated displacements of acoustic targets in pairs of sonar frames with increasing time delays between frames. Assuming isotropic motions of euphausiids, the superior spatial resolution of the sonar in one dimension (range) is used to infer the three-dimensional motions. We applied the algorithm to sonar tracks of groups of 10 000 - 25 000 euphausiids recorded in the daytime at depths just above the oxycline on six different occasions. The animal movements were described with a probability density function for velocity which suggests that about 60-70% of the animals were moving less than or equal to 0.3-1.2 cm.s(-1). These distributions imply remarkably low swimming speeds and quiescent behavior. Limited motility in the daytime would confer two major advantages on the euphausiids: reduction of encounter rates with ambush predators and decreased metabolic costs.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jaffe1999b,

title = {Target localization for a three-dimensional multibeam sonar imaging system},

author = { Jules S. Jaffe},

url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JAS/105/3168/1},

year  = {1999},

date = {1999-01-01},

journal = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},

volume = {105},

number = {6},

pages = {3168-3175},

publisher = {ASA},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jaffe1998,

title = {Underwater optical imaging: New hardware & software},

author = { Jules S. Jaffe and  K.D. Moore and  DG Zawada and  BL Ochoa and  E Zege},

issn = {0093-3651},

year  = {1998},

date = {1998-01-01},

journal = {Sea Technology},

volume = {39},

number = {7},

pages = {70-74},

publisher = {COMPASS PUBL INC},

address = {SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Rafii1998,

title = {Adaptive ultrasonic measurement of blood vessel diameter and wall thickness: theory and experimental results},

author = { K. Rafii and  Jules S. Jaffe},

issn = {0885-3010},

year  = {1998},

date = {1998-01-01},

journal = {IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control},

volume = {45},

number = {3},

pages = {593-603},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jaffe1998b,

title = {OASIS in the sea: measurement of the acoustic reflectivity of zooplankton with concurrent optical imaging},

author = { Jules S. Jaffe and  Mark D. Ohman and  A De Robertis},

year  = {1998},

date = {1998-01-01},

journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},

volume = {45},

pages = {1239-1253},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jaffe1998b,

title = {Simultaneous imaging of phytoplankton and zooplankton distributions},

author = { Jules S. Jaffe and  Peter J.S. Franks and  Andrew W. Leising},

year  = {1998},

date = {1998-01-01},

journal = {Oceanography},

volume = {11},

pages = {24-29},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jaffe1996,

title = {Signal set design with constrained amplitude spectrum and specified time-bandwidth product},

author = { G. Chandran and  Jules S. Jaffe},

issn = {0090-6778},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {IEEE Transactions on Communications},

volume = {44},

number = {6},

pages = {725-732},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jaffe1996a,

title = {Temporal sampling of backscattered sonar signals},

author = { Jules S. Jaffe},

url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ap/jm/1996/00000053/00000002/art00049},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {ICES Journal of Marine Science},

volume = {53},

pages = {359-361(3)},

abstract = {
 This article considers the subject of the temporal sampling of backscattered sound from an active sonar system. Here, it is demonstrated how the beam patterns of the sonar, when considered along with the velocity of the animal, prescribe a minimal sampling rate such that an unaliased version of the backscattered signal can be constructed. Thus, an equation is derived which relates a minimum sampling interval to the maximal angular velocity of targets which are moving through the beams. Observation of this minimal temporal sampling criteria is necessary in order to obtain unaliased data.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}